polling /ˈpoʊlɪŋ/ (noun) – 투표, 여론조사 ▸ Early polling began today for South Korea’s 21st presidential election. ▸ 오늘 대한민국 제21대 대통령 선거의 사전투표가 시작되었다.
turnout /ˈtɜːrnaʊt/ (noun) – 투표율, 참가자 수 ▸ Officials reported a high voter turnout during the early hours of polling. ▸ 선거관리위원회는 사전투표 초반에 높은 투표율을 기록했다고 발표했다.
eligible /ˈelɪdʒəbl/ (adjective) – 자격이 있는, 적격의 ▸ All eligible voters can cast their ballot at any early voting station. ▸ 모든 유권자는 사전투표소 어디에서든 투표할 수 있다.
ballot /ˈbælət/ (noun/verb) – 투표용지; 투표하다 ▸ Voters must present valid ID before receiving a ballot. ▸ 유권자는 투표용지를 받기 전에 신분증을 제시해야 한다.
scrutiny /ˈskruːtəni/ (noun) – 정밀 조사, 철저한 감시 (DAY18·25 출제됨) ▸ Election observers are applying strict scrutiny to the counting process. ▸ 선거 감시단이 개표 과정에 철저한 감시를 가하고 있다.
fraud /frɔːd/ (noun) – 사기, 부정행위 ▸ Measures have been taken to prevent voter fraud and double voting. ▸ 투표 사기 및 중복 투표를 방지하기 위한 조치가 시행되었다.
precaution /prɪˈkɔːʃn/ (noun) – 예방 조치 ▸ Precautions such as mask-wearing and hand sanitizers are in place at all polling stations. ▸ 모든 투표소에 마스크 착용과 손 소독제 사용 등의 예방 조치가 마련되어 있다.
allege /əˈledʒ/ (verb) – (증거 없이) 주장하다 (DAY23 출제됨) ▸ Some online posts allege bias in the voting booth placement. ▸ 일부 온라인 글에서는 투표소 배치에 편향이 있다는 주장을 제기하고 있다.
invalidate /ɪnˈvælɪdeɪt/ (verb) – 무효화하다, 효력을 없애다 ▸ Ballots can be invalidated if voters do not follow instructions correctly. ▸ 유권자가 지침을 제대로 따르지 않으면 투표용지가 무효 처리될 수 있다.
observe /əbˈzɜːrv/ (verb) – 감시하다, 관찰하다 ▸ Domestic and international agencies will observe the election procedures. ▸ 국내외 기관이 선거 절차를 감시할 예정이다.
News
Despite the rainy weather, voter turnout during the first day of early polling remained strong, with observers ensuring scrutiny of each ballot to prevent fraud.
Main clause: voter turnout remained strong
With-phrase: with observers ensuring scrutiny…
Infinitive phrase: to prevent fraud
해석: 비 오는 날씨에도 불구하고 사전투표 첫날 투표율은 높았으며, 감시관들은 부정을 방지하기 위해 각 투표용지에 대한 철저한 감시에 나섰다.
IELTS Academic Style Quiz (Multiple Choice)
Question 1. Which word best describes the act of voting before the official election day? a) invalidation b) precaution c) polling d) allegation
Answer: c) polling Explanation: "polling" refers to the act of casting votes, especially during an election.
Question 2. What does “turnout” refer to in an electoral context? a) The number of polling stations b) The total eligible voters c) The number of votes cast d) The total campaign expenses
Answer: c) The number of votes cast Explanation: "Turnout" refers to how many people actually vote in an election.
Question 3. Which adjective describes someone who is allowed to vote? a) fraudulent b) observed c) eligible d) alleged
Answer: c) eligible Explanation: "Eligible" means meeting the legal requirements to vote.
Question 4. Which term refers to official paper or electronic tools used for voting? a) ballot b) fraud c) scrutiny d) survey
Answer: a) ballot Explanation: A "ballot" is the means by which a vote is cast.
Question 5. Which noun refers to “intense monitoring or examination”? a) turnout b) scrutiny c) invalidation d) ballot
Answer: b) scrutiny Explanation: "Scrutiny" means close and critical inspection.
Question 6. Which word means “deceptive or illegal election behavior”? a) fraud b) precaution c) polling d) eligibility
Answer: a) fraud Explanation: "Fraud" refers to dishonest behavior, often involving trickery.
Question 7. Which word refers to a protective action taken in advance? a) turnout b) allegation c) fraud d) precaution
Answer: d) precaution Explanation: A "precaution" is an action to prevent danger or harm.
Question 8. Which verb means “to claim something without solid evidence”? a) observe b) allege c) comply d) defer
Answer: b) allege Explanation: "Allege" means to assert without proof.
Question 9. Which verb refers to rendering a vote or document legally void? a) observe b) entice c) invalidate d) advocate
Answer: c) invalidate Explanation: "Invalidate" means to cancel legal force or effectiveness.
Question 10. Which verb means to monitor or watch carefully? a) offset b) observe c) preside d) adhere
Answer: b) observe Explanation: "Observe" means to watch carefully, especially for official reasons.
rebound /ˈriːbaʊnd/ (noun/verb) – (경기·수요 등의) 회복, 반등; 반등하다 ▸ International tourism is showing a strong rebound following visa policy changes. ▸ 비자 정책 변경 이후 국제 관광 수요가 뚜렷한 반등세를 보이고 있다.
entice /ɪnˈtaɪs/ (verb) – 유인하다, 유혹하다 ▸ Airlines are offering deep discounts to entice travelers during the off-season. ▸ 항공사들은 비수기 여행객 유치를 위해 대폭 할인을 제공하고 있다.
accommodation /əˌkɑːməˈdeɪʃən/ (noun) – 숙박 시설 ▸ The surge in demand has led to a shortage of affordable accommodations. ▸ 수요 급증으로 저렴한 숙박 시설이 부족해지고 있다.
itinerary /aɪˈtɪnəreri/ (noun) – 여행 일정, 여정 ▸ Travelers are advised to check their itineraries due to potential transport strikes. ▸ 교통 파업 가능성으로 여행객들은 일정 확인이 권장되고 있다.
allure /əˈlʊr/ (noun/verb) – 매력; 매혹하다 ▸ The allure of remote coastal destinations is drawing more eco-conscious tourists. ▸ 외딴 해안 지역의 매력이 친환경 여행객들을 끌어들이고 있다.
revoke /rɪˈvoʊk/ (verb) – 취소하다, 철회하다 (DAY24·27 출제됨) ▸ Several countries have revoked visa-free entry agreements amid rising health concerns. ▸ 보건 우려 증가로 일부 국가는 무비자 입국 협정을 철회했다.
hassle /ˈhæsəl/ (noun) – 번거로움, 성가신 일 ▸ Travelers cited airport wait times and visa delays as major travel hassles. ▸ 여행객들은 공항 대기 시간과 비자 지연을 가장 큰 번거로움으로 꼽았다.
influx /ˈɪnflʌks/ (noun) – 유입, 쇄도 (DAY17 출제됨) ▸ The sudden influx of tourists has overwhelmed local transport infrastructure. ▸ 갑작스러운 관광객 유입이 지역 교통 인프라에 과부하를 주고 있다.
amenity /əˈmenəti/ (noun) – 편의 시설, 생활 편의 요소 ▸ Newly built hotels offer modern amenities such as rooftop pools and digital check-in. ▸ 신축 호텔은 루프탑 수영장과 디지털 체크인 같은 최신 편의 시설을 갖추고 있다.
surcharge /ˈsɜːrtʃɑːrdʒ/ (noun) – 추가 요금 ▸ Many budget airlines now include hidden surcharges for baggage and seat selection. ▸ 많은 저가 항공사들이 수하물 및 좌석 선택에 숨겨진 추가 요금을 포함시키고 있다.
News
Due to a sharp influx of tourists during the spring holidays, many destinations have introduced a surcharge on peak-season amenities and revised their accommodation policies to entice longer stays.
Main clause: destinations have introduced a surcharge… and revised…
Reason clause: due to a sharp influx of tourists…
Purpose phrase: to entice longer stays
해석: 봄철 연휴 동안 관광객 급증으로 인해 많은 지역에서 성수기 편의시설에 추가 요금을 도입하고, 장기 숙박을 유도하기 위해 숙박 정책을 개정했다.
IELTS Academic Style Quiz
Question 1. Which word refers to “a strong recovery after decline”? Answer: rebound Explanation: "rebound" means to bounce back or recover, especially in economy or travel demand.
Question 2. The travel agency used social media ads to ______ young backpackers. Answer: entice Explanation: "entice" means to attract or lure someone using incentives or appeal.
Question 3. Which noun best describes “a detailed travel plan”? Answer: itinerary Explanation: "itinerary" refers to a planned route or schedule for a journey.
Question 4. The new beachfront resort offers luxurious ______ like spas and rooftop bars. Answer: amenities Explanation: "amenities" are features that provide comfort and convenience.
Question 5. Which word is closest in meaning to “extra charge”? Answer: surcharge Explanation: "surcharge" is an additional fee added to the base price.
Question 6. The visa-free entry program was ______ due to public health concerns. Answer: revoked Explanation: "revoke" means to officially cancel something.
Question 7. Long customs lines and lost luggage are common travel ______. Answer: hassles Explanation: "hassle" refers to a nuisance or inconvenience.
Question 8. Which word means “mass arrival or flow of people or things”? Answer: influx Explanation: "influx" means a large incoming number, often suddenly.
Question 9. Remote islands hold great ______ for travelers seeking peace and nature. Answer: allure Explanation: "allure" means attractiveness or charm.
Question 10. The lack of affordable ______ in major cities is deterring budget travelers. Answer: accommodations Explanation: "accommodation" refers to lodging or place to stay.
revive /rɪˈvaɪv/ (verb) – 회복시키다, 되살리다 ▸ The government plans to revive the rural economy through targeted investment. ▸ 정부는 맞춤형 투자를 통해 농촌 경제를 되살릴 계획이다.
jeopardize /ˈdʒepərdaɪz/ (verb) – 위태롭게 하다, 위험에 빠뜨리다 (DAY26 출제됨) ▸ Leaking classified documents could jeopardize diplomatic negotiations. ▸ 기밀 문서 유출은 외교 협상을 위태롭게 만들 수 있다.
inflate /ɪnˈfleɪt/ (verb) – 부풀리다, 과장하다; 물가를 상승시키다 ▸ False demand forecasts inflated the project’s initial budget. ▸ 잘못된 수요 예측이 프로젝트 초기 예산을 과장시켰다.
premise /ˈpremɪs/ (noun) – 전제, 가정 ▸ The analysis is based on the premise that interest rates will remain steady. ▸ 그 분석은 금리가 안정될 것이라는 전제를 바탕으로 하고 있다.
preside /prɪˈzaɪd/ (verb) – 주재하다, 의장 역할을 하다 (DAY26 출제됨) ▸ The finance minister will preside over next week's global trade summit. ▸ 재무부 장관이 다음 주 열리는 세계 무역 정상회의를 주재할 예정이다.
catalyst /ˈkætəlɪst/ (noun) – 촉매, 기폭제 ▸ The energy crisis acted as a catalyst for renewable technology adoption. ▸ 에너지 위기가 재생에너지 기술 도입의 기폭제 역할을 했다.
compensate /ˈkɑːmpənseɪt/ (verb) – 보상하다, 보충하다 ▸ The airline compensated passengers for delays caused by system failure. ▸ 항공사는 시스템 오류로 인한 지연에 대해 승객들에게 보상했다.
reluctant /rɪˈlʌktənt/ (adjective) – 마지못한, 꺼리는 ▸ Many businesses remain reluctant to disclose their AI usage practices. ▸ 많은 기업들이 여전히 자사의 AI 활용 방식을 공개하기를 꺼려하고 있다.
revoke /rɪˈvoʊk/ (verb) – 철회하다, 취소하다 (DAY24 출제됨) ▸ Authorities revoked the license of a company that falsified inspection results. ▸ 당국은 검사 결과를 조작한 회사의 허가를 취소했다.
oversight /ˈoʊvərsaɪt/ (noun) – 감독, 관리; 실수, 간과 ▸ The agency strengthened its oversight after the data breach incident. ▸ 그 기관은 데이터 유출 사건 이후 감독 기능을 강화했다.
News
The minister presided over an emergency session that aimed to revive the economy and prevent future oversights in regulatory processes.
Main clause: The minister presided over…
That-clause: that aimed to revive… and prevent… (병렬 구조)
Prepositional phrase: in regulatory processes
해석: 장관은 경제 회복과 규제 절차 내 실수 방지를 목표로 한 긴급 회의를 주재했다.
IELTS Academic Style Quiz
Question 1. The board voted to ______ the misleading advertisement license. Answer: revoke Explanation: "revoke" means to officially cancel or withdraw something.
Question 2. Which word refers to something that triggers or speeds up a process? Answer: catalyst Explanation: A "catalyst" causes change or action to happen more quickly.
Question 3. The project was approved based on the ______ that funding would be secured. Answer: premise Explanation: A "premise" is an assumed idea that forms the basis for action or reasoning.
Question 4. Disclosing sensitive technology data could ______ national defense strategies. Answer: jeopardize Explanation: "jeopardize" means to endanger or put at risk.
Question 5. The judge will ______ over the high-profile corruption case. Answer: preside Explanation: "preside" means to oversee or lead a formal event or meeting.
Question 6. Public backlash forced the company to ______ affected users for the outage. Answer: compensate Explanation: "compensate" means to give payment or reparation for harm or inconvenience.
Question 7. False media reports significantly ______ the scale of the incident. Answer: inflated Explanation: "inflate" means to exaggerate or make something appear bigger than it is.
Question 8. Which adjective describes someone unwilling or hesitant to act? Answer: reluctant Explanation: "reluctant" means not eager or unwilling to do something.
Question 9. A lack of proper ______ allowed the financial scandal to go unnoticed. Answer: oversight Explanation: "oversight" refers to failure to notice something or lack of supervision.
Question 10. The central bank is taking steps to ______ consumer confidence. Answer: revive Explanation: "revive" means to bring something back to life or to restore strength.
preside /prɪˈzaɪd/ (verb) – (회의 등을) 주재하다, 관장하다 ▸ A senior judge will preside over the inquiry into the national cyberattack. ▸ 국가 사이버 공격에 대한 조사는 고위 판사가 주재할 예정이다.
amplify /ˈæmplɪfaɪ/ (verb) – 확대하다, 강화하다 ▸ Social media amplified concerns over food safety in imported products. ▸ 소셜 미디어가 수입 식품의 안전 문제에 대한 우려를 증폭시켰다.
arbitrary /ˈɑːrbɪtreri/ (adjective) – 자의적인, 임의적인 ▸ The decision to impose tariffs was criticized as arbitrary and politically motivated. ▸ 관세 부과 결정은 자의적이고 정치적 동기에서 비롯되었다는 비판을 받았다.
comply /kəmˈplaɪ/ (verb) – (법·명령 등에) 따르다, 준수하다 (DAY18 출제됨) ▸ All digital service providers must comply with updated data protection rules. ▸ 모든 디지털 서비스 제공자는 개정된 데이터 보호 규정을 준수해야 한다.
subvert /səbˈvɜːrt/ (verb) – 전복시키다, (체제·권위 등을) 약화시키다 ▸ Attempts to subvert press freedom have drawn criticism from global watchdogs. ▸ 언론 자유를 훼손하려는 시도는 국제 감시 단체들로부터 비판을 받고 있다.
adhere /ədˈhɪr/ (verb) – 고수하다, 충실히 따르다 (DAY18 출제됨) ▸ Researchers must adhere to strict ethical guidelines when conducting human trials. ▸ 인간 대상 실험을 수행할 때 연구자들은 엄격한 윤리 지침을 따라야 한다.
explicit /ɪkˈsplɪsɪt/ (adjective) – 명확한, 분명한 ▸ The policy includes explicit instructions on how to report safety violations. ▸ 그 정책은 안전 위반 사항을 어떻게 보고해야 하는지에 대한 명확한 지침을 포함하고 있다.
conceal /kənˈsiːl/ (verb) – 숨기다, 감추다 ▸ The report alleged that officials concealed critical data on air pollution. ▸ 해당 보고서는 관계자들이 대기 오염에 관한 중대한 데이터를 은폐했다고 주장했다.
allocate /ˈæləkeɪt/ (verb) – 배분하다, 할당하다 (DAY21·24 출제됨) ▸ Funds were allocated to expand early warning systems for natural disasters. ▸ 자연재해 조기경보 시스템 확대를 위해 예산이 배분되었다.
jeopardize /ˈdʒepərdaɪz/ (verb) – 위태롭게 하다, 위험에 빠뜨리다 ▸ Unauthorized data access could jeopardize national security. ▸ 무단 데이터 접근은 국가 안보를 위협할 수 있다.
News
In response to recent security breaches, the ministry pledged to allocate additional resources and warned that failure to comply with new regulations would jeopardize future operations.
Main clause: the ministry pledged… and warned…
Infinitive structure: to allocate…
That-clause (warning): that failure to comply… would jeopardize…
해석: 최근 보안 사고에 대응하여 정부는 추가 자원 배분을 약속했고, 새 규정을 따르지 않을 경우 향후 운영이 위태로워질 수 있다고 경고했다.
IELTS Academic Style Quiz
Question 1. Which word means "to host or oversee a formal process such as a meeting or trial"? Answer: preside Explanation: "preside" means to lead or be in charge of a formal gathering or legal case.
Question 2. What verb best describes making a concern more intense or widespread? Answer: amplify Explanation: "amplify" means to increase the size, strength, or effect of something.
Question 3. The policy was rejected for being ______ and lacking justification. Answer: arbitrary Explanation: "arbitrary" means based on personal will rather than logic or fairness.
Question 4. Which word refers to weakening or undermining a system or authority? Answer: subvert Explanation: "subvert" means to attempt to overthrow or weaken an established system.
Question 5. Researchers must ______ to strict safety standards in clinical trials. Answer: adhere Explanation: "adhere" means to stick to or follow something closely.
Question 6. Fill in the blank: The whistleblower claimed that executives tried to ______ evidence of misconduct. Answer: conceal Explanation: "conceal" means to hide or keep something secret.
Question 7. The warning was ______ and left no room for misunderstanding. Answer: explicit Explanation: "explicit" means clearly stated and leaving nothing implied.
Question 8. Failing to ______ with international law may lead to sanctions. Answer: comply Explanation: "comply" means to follow rules or orders.
Question 9. Cutting off communication could ______ the success of the rescue mission. Answer: jeopardize Explanation: "jeopardize" means to put something at risk.
Question 10. The government will ______ funds to modernize public hospitals. Answer: allocate Explanation: "allocate" means to distribute resources for a specific purpose.
1. defer /dɪˈfɜːr/ (verb) – 연기하다, 미루다 ▸ The space agency decided to defer the satellite launch due to solar flare risks. ▸ 우주국은 태양 플레어 위험으로 위성 발사를 연기하기로 결정했다.
2. scrutiny /ˈskruːtəni/ (noun) – 정밀 조사, 철저한 감시 (DAY18 출제됨) ▸ The new education policy is under public scrutiny for its potential bias. ▸ 새 교육 정책은 편향 가능성 때문에 대중의 철저한 감시를 받고 있다.
3. offset /ˈɔːfset/ (verb) – 상쇄하다, 벌충하다 (DAY21 출제됨) ▸ The city introduced new green spaces to offset increased emissions from traffic. ▸ 도시는 교통으로 인한 배출가스를 상쇄하기 위해 녹지를 확대했다.
4. alleviate /əˈliːvieɪt/ (verb) – 완화하다, 경감하다 (DAY18 출제됨) ▸ Financial aid was provided to alleviate the burden of rising housing costs. ▸ 치솟는 주거비 부담을 완화하기 위해 재정 지원이 제공되었다.
5. invoke /ɪnˈvoʊk/ (verb) – (법률·권한 등을) 발동하다, 적용하다 (DAY21 출제됨) ▸ The union invoked a rarely used labor clause to demand immediate negotiations. ▸ 노조는 즉각적인 협상을 요구하며 거의 사용되지 않던 노동 조항을 발동했다.
6. violate /ˈvaɪəleɪt/ (verb) – 위반하다, 침해하다 ▸ The company was fined for violating consumer privacy laws. ▸ 그 회사는 소비자 개인정보 보호법을 위반해 벌금을 부과받았다.
7. dubious /ˈduːbiəs/ (adjective) – 의심스러운, 수상한 ▸ Experts raised concerns over the dubious origins of the imported medical supplies. ▸ 수입된 의료 물자의 출처가 수상하다는 전문가들의 우려가 제기되었다.
8. facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ (verb) – 용이하게 하다, 촉진하다 ▸ The new platform aims to facilitate communication between disaster response teams. ▸ 이 신규 플랫폼은 재난 대응팀 간의 소통을 용이하게 하는 것을 목표로 한다.
9. repercussion /ˌriːpərˈkʌʃn/ (noun) – (부정적인) 영향, 파장 (DAY18 출제됨) ▸ The economic repercussions of the port shutdown are being felt across Asia. ▸ 항만 폐쇄의 경제적 파장이 아시아 전역에 퍼지고 있다.
10. deteriorate /dɪˈtɪriəreɪt/ (verb) – 악화되다, 나빠지다 ▸ Relations between the two nations deteriorated after the trade sanctions. ▸ 무역 제재 이후 양국 관계는 악화되었다.
News
In an effort to alleviate social unrest, the administration deferred the policy rollout, citing potential economic repercussions and invoking emergency consultation powers.
Main clause: the administration deferred the policy rollout
Reason clause: citing potential economic repercussions and invoking...
Purpose phrase: to alleviate social unrest
해석: 사회적 불안을 완화하기 위해 행정부는 경제적 파장을 이유로 정책 시행을 연기하고 긴급 협의 권한을 발동했다.
IELTS Academic Style Quiz
Question 1. Which word means “to delay something until a later time”? Answer: defer Explanation: "defer" means to postpone or delay an action.
Question 2. The review board placed the contract under intense ______ due to bribery allegations. Answer: scrutiny Explanation: "scrutiny" means close and detailed examination.
Question 3. Which word refers to “negative consequences or effects”? Answer: repercussions Explanation: "repercussions" are indirect or unintended negative outcomes.
Question 4. Fill in the blank: To help struggling businesses, the city offered tax breaks to ______ financial stress. Answer: alleviate Explanation: "alleviate" means to ease or reduce pain, burden, or difficulty.
Question 5. The government passed new environmental laws to ______ the effects of industrial pollution. Answer: offset Explanation: "offset" means to counterbalance or neutralize something.
Question 6. Which word fits the sentence? Authorities ______ emergency powers to halt the strike. Answer: invoked Explanation: "invoke" means to put a law or authority into use.
Question 7. The supplier’s explanation was ______ and lacked documentation. Answer: dubious Explanation: "dubious" means suspicious or unreliable.
Question 8. What verb best describes helping a process run more smoothly? Answer: facilitate Explanation: "facilitate" means to make a task or process easier.
Question 9. The company was fined for ______ international safety protocols. Answer: violating Explanation: "violate" means to break a law or rule.
Question 10. Relations between the two firms began to ______ after the failed merger talks. Answer: deteriorate Explanation: "deteriorate" means to become worse over time.
mitigate /ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt/ (verb) – 완화하다, 줄이다 (DAY18 출제됨) ▸ The government announced new measures to mitigate the impact of food price inflation. ▸ 정부는 식료품 물가 상승의 영향을 완화하기 위한 새로운 대책을 발표했다.
outcry /ˈaʊtkraɪ/ (noun) – 격렬한 항의, 분노 ▸ There was a public outcry after reports of corruption in the water supply contract. ▸ 상수도 계약 부패 보도 이후 대중의 강한 항의가 이어졌다.
reiterate /riˈɪtəreɪt/ (verb) – (강조를 위해) 반복하다 (DAY17 출제됨) ▸ The spokesperson reiterated the company's commitment to sustainability. ▸ 대변인은 지속가능성에 대한 회사의 의지를 거듭 강조했다.
impede /ɪmˈpiːd/ (verb) – 방해하다, 지연시키다 ▸ Roadblocks and fuel shortages have impeded relief operations in the flood zone. ▸ 도로 차단과 연료 부족이 홍수 피해 지역의 구호 활동을 방해하고 있다.
integrity /ɪnˈteɡrəti/ (noun) – 정직, 청렴; 온전함 ▸ Voters questioned the integrity of the election process after irregularities were discovered. ▸ 부정행위가 발견된 후 유권자들은 선거 과정의 청렴성을 의심했다.
allocate /ˈæləkeɪt/ (verb) – 배분하다, 할당하다 (DAY21 출제됨) ▸ Emergency funds will be allocated to rural hospitals facing critical shortages. ▸ 심각한 부족 사태를 겪고 있는 시골 병원에 긴급 자금이 배분될 예정이다.
prolonged /prəˈlɔːŋd/ (adjective) – 장기적인, 오래 지속되는 ▸ Prolonged drought conditions are threatening this year’s crop yield. ▸ 장기적인 가뭄 상황이 올해 작황에 위협이 되고 있다.
breach /briːtʃ/ (noun/verb) – 위반, 침해; 위반하다 (DAY19 출제됨) ▸ The leak of confidential medical records was deemed a serious data breach. ▸ 민감한 의료 기록 유출은 심각한 정보 유출로 간주되었다.
mobilize /ˈmoʊbəlaɪz/ (verb) – 동원하다, 결집시키다 ▸ Thousands of volunteers were mobilized for the post-earthquake recovery effort. ▸ 지진 후 복구 작업을 위해 수천 명의 자원봉사자가 동원되었다.
transparent /trænsˈpærənt/ (adjective) – 투명한, 명백한 ▸ The mayor pledged a transparent investigation into the city's infrastructure collapse. ▸ 시장은 도시 인프라 붕괴에 대한 투명한 조사를 약속했다.
News
In response to growing public outcry, the president reiterated the government’s plan to allocate emergency funding and ensure transparent oversight.
Main clause: the president reiterated… (과거 시제)
Infinitive phrases: to allocate emergency funding / to ensure transparent oversight
Prepositional phrase: in response to growing public outcry (이유, 동기 표현)
해석: 대중의 분노가 커지자 대통령은 긴급 자금 배분과 투명한 감독을 보장하겠다는 정부 계획을 거듭 강조했다.
IELTS Academic Style Quiz
Question 1. Which word refers to “the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles”? Answer: integrity Explanation: "integrity" means honesty and moral uprightness.
Question 2. What verb means “to reduce the harmful effects of something”? Answer: mitigate Explanation: "mitigate" means to make something less severe or damaging.
Question 3. Select the word that means “to gather and activate people or resources”. Answer: mobilize Explanation: "mobilize" refers to organizing people for a purpose, especially in emergencies.
Question 4. Which word best completes the sentence? The committee ______ the funds to the most affected regions. Answer: allocated Explanation: "allocate" means to distribute or assign resources.
Question 5. Which word describes a reaction involving strong public protest or backlash? Answer: outcry Explanation: "outcry" means loud public anger or disapproval.
Question 6. The government has promised a ______ review of the recent contract scandal. Answer: transparent Explanation: "transparent" means open, clear, and free from secrecy.
Question 7. Fill in the blank: Fuel shortages and blocked roads continue to ______ aid delivery. Answer: impede Explanation: "impede" means to obstruct or delay movement or progress.
Question 8. The typhoon caused ______ damage to coastal communities. Answer: prolonged Explanation: "prolonged" means lasting longer than expected or usual.
Question 9. To emphasize the urgency, the minister ______ the need for immediate action. Answer: reiterated Explanation: "reiterate" means to repeat something for emphasis.
Question 10. The hacker’s access to private data was considered a major security ______. Answer: breach Explanation: "breach" means a violation or breaking of rules or security.
ratify /ˈrætɪfaɪ/ (verb) – 비준하다, 승인하다 ▸ The climate agreement was ratified by over 100 countries within a week. ▸ 그 기후 협약은 일주일 만에 100개국 이상에서 비준되었다.
staggering /ˈstæɡərɪŋ/ (adjective) – 충격적인, 믿기 어려운 ▸ The staggering rise in housing prices has sparked protests in major cities. ▸ 주택 가격의 충격적인 상승은 주요 도시에서 시위를 촉발했다.
divert /daɪˈvɜːrt/ (verb) – 방향을 바꾸다, 전용하다 ▸ Funds were diverted from military projects to education and healthcare. ▸ 군사 프로젝트 자금이 교육과 보건 분야로 전용되었다.
pledge /pledʒ/ (verb/noun) – 맹세하다, 약속하다; 서약 ▸ The company pledged to reduce carbon emissions by 40% by 2030. ▸ 그 회사는 2030년까지 탄소 배출을 40% 감축하겠다고 약속했다.
render /ˈrendər/ (verb) – ~하게 만들다, 제공하다 ▸ The damage from the typhoon rendered many homes uninhabitable. ▸ 태풍 피해로 많은 주택이 거주 불가능하게 되었다.
comprehensive /ˌkɑːmprɪˈhensɪv/ (adjective) – 포괄적인, 종합적인 ▸ A comprehensive review of the health system was launched after the outbreak. ▸ 발병 이후 보건 시스템에 대한 포괄적인 검토가 시작되었다.
exempt /ɪɡˈzempt/ (adjective/verb) – 면제된; 면제하다 ▸ Low-income households will be exempt from the new utility tax. ▸ 저소득 가구는 새로운 공공요금 세금에서 면제될 예정이다.
amend /əˈmend/ (verb) – 수정하다, 개정하다 ▸ Lawmakers are expected to amend the bill to address public concerns. ▸ 국회의원들은 국민의 우려를 반영하기 위해 법안을 수정할 예정이다.
precede /prɪˈsiːd/ (verb) – ~보다 앞서다, 선행하다 ▸ The mayor’s speech preceded the vote on urban redevelopment. ▸ 시장의 연설이 도시 재개발에 대한 표결보다 먼저 진행되었다.
adverse /ˈædvɜːrs/ (adjective) – 부정적인, 불리한 ▸ Adverse weather conditions delayed several rescue operations. ▸ 악천후로 인해 여러 구조 작업이 지연되었다.
News
Sentence: In response to the staggering costs of reconstruction, the government pledged a comprehensive aid package and amended the existing relief policy.
Structure Analysis:
Main clause: the government pledged… and amended… (병렬 동사 구조)
Prepositional phrase: in response to the staggering costs of reconstruction (원인에 대한 반응)
해석: 막대한 재건 비용에 대응하여 정부는 종합적 지원책을 약속하고 기존의 구호 정책을 수정했다.
IELTS Academic Style Quiz
Question 1. Which word best completes the sentence? The international treaty will not take effect until it is ______ by all member states. Answer: ratified Explanation: "ratify" means to officially approve or confirm a formal agreement.
Question 2. Choose the word that describes something very large and hard to believe. Answer: staggering Explanation: "staggering" refers to something shocking due to its size or impact.
Question 3. The charity organization decided to ______ donations toward disaster relief. Answer: divert Explanation: "divert" means to change direction or reallocate resources.
Question 4. The government announced a ______ plan to address inflation and unemployment. Answer: comprehensive Explanation: "comprehensive" means broad and covering all necessary areas.
Question 5. Which word means to officially remove someone from a duty or obligation? Answer: exempt Explanation: "exempt" means to free someone from a rule or responsibility.
Question 6. Fill in the blank: Strong winds and heavy rain created ______ conditions for evacuation. Answer: adverse Explanation: "adverse" means negative or harmful.
Question 7. Which word describes the act of promising or committing to something? Answer: pledge Explanation: "pledge" is used as both a verb and noun meaning commitment or promise.
Question 8. The judge decided to ______ the original sentence after reviewing new evidence. Answer: amend Explanation: "amend" means to revise or correct, especially legal documents or laws.
Question 9. The keynote address will ______ the signing ceremony. Answer: precede Explanation: "precede" means to come before something in time or order.
Question 10. The flood ______ many families homeless. Answer: rendered Explanation: "render" means to cause someone or something to be in a particular state.
scramble /ˈskræmbəl/ (verb) – 앞다투다, 서로 다투다; (빠르게) 움직이다 ▸ Airlines are scrambling to adjust schedules amid volcanic ash warnings in East Asia. ▸ 동아시아의 화산재 경보로 항공사들이 일정을 조정하기 위해 분주히 움직이고 있다.
substantiate /səbˈstænʃieɪt/ (verb) – 입증하다, 실증하다 ▸ The journalist was asked to substantiate the claims made in the investigative article. ▸ 탐사보도에 제기된 주장들을 입증하라는 요청이 기자에게 제기되었다.
disruptive /dɪsˈrʌptɪv/ (adjective) – 혼란을 일으키는, 혁신적인 ▸ Disruptive AI technologies are challenging traditional education systems. ▸ 혁신적인 인공지능 기술들이 기존 교육 체계를 뒤흔들고 있다.
allege /əˈledʒ/ (verb) – (증거 없이) 주장하다 ▸ The CEO allegedly concealed data related to product safety. ▸ CEO가 제품 안전 관련 자료를 은폐했다는 주장이 제기되었다.
provisional /prəˈvɪʒənl/ (adjective) – 임시의, 잠정적인 ▸ A provisional ceasefire was agreed upon by both sides during the emergency talks. ▸ 긴급 회담에서 양측은 잠정적인 휴전에 합의했다.
advocate /ˈædvəkeɪt/ (verb) – 지지하다, 옹호하다 ▸ Public health experts advocate for stricter vaccine regulations in high-risk zones. ▸ 공중 보건 전문가들은 고위험 지역에서 백신 규제 강화를 옹호하고 있다.
revoke /rɪˈvoʊk/ (verb) – 취소하다, 철회하다 ▸ The government revoked the license of a company violating environmental standards. ▸ 정부는 환경 기준을 위반한 기업의 허가를 취소했다.
foreseeable /fɔːrˈsiːəbl/ (adjective) – 예측 가능한, 가까운 장래의 ▸ No major changes are expected in interest rates for the foreseeable future. ▸ 가까운 장래에는 금리의 큰 변동이 예상되지 않는다.
turmoil /ˈtɜːrmɔɪl/ (noun) – 혼란, 소란 ▸ Political turmoil in the region is causing concern among international investors. ▸ 해당 지역의 정치적 혼란은 국제 투자자들에게 우려를 낳고 있다.
safeguard /ˈseɪfɡɑːrd/ (verb/noun) – 보호하다, 보호 수단 ▸ New legislation was passed to safeguard user data in digital health platforms. ▸ 디지털 헬스 플랫폼에서 사용자 데이터를 보호하기 위한 새 법안이 통과되었다.
News
Sentence: In response to growing turmoil, leaders have agreed on a provisional framework to safeguard civilian access to healthcare.
Structure Analysis:
Main clause: leaders have agreed… (현재완료)
Prepositional phrase: in response to growing turmoil (원인에 대한 반응)
Infinitive phrase (purpose): to safeguard civilian access to healthcare
해석: 혼란이 커지는 상황에서, 지도자들은 민간인의 의료 접근을 보호하기 위한 잠정적 틀에 합의했다.
IELTS Academic Style Quiz
Question 1. Which word best completes the sentence? The court demanded the lawyer to ______ the allegations with concrete evidence.
Answer: substantiate Explanation: "substantiate" means to provide proof or evidence for something.
Question 2. Choose the correct word: The airline had to ______ its operating license due to repeated safety violations.
Answer: revoke Explanation: "revoke" means to officially cancel or withdraw something.
Question 3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “turmoil”? a) progress b) instability c) success d) recovery
Answer: b) instability Explanation: "turmoil" refers to a state of great disturbance or confusion.
Question 4. The agreement is only ______ and may be renegotiated later.
Answer: provisional Explanation: "provisional" refers to something temporary or subject to change.
Question 5. Identify the word that best describes a new technology that disrupts the existing system. a) safeguard b) foreseeable c) disruptive d) allege
Answer: c) disruptive Explanation: "disruptive" is used for innovations that break current systems.
Question 6. Fill in the blank: Analysts expect market stability in the ______ future.
Answer: foreseeable Explanation: "foreseeable" means within the time period one can reasonably predict.
Question 7. The journalist continued to ______ corruption despite having little evidence.
Answer: allege Explanation: "allege" means to claim something without solid proof.
Question 8. Which verb fits best? The company moved quickly to ______ its data systems after the breach.
Answer: safeguard Explanation: "safeguard" means to protect from harm or risk.
Question 9. Which word means “to act quickly or competitively”? a) scramble b) revoke c) substantiate d) advocate
Answer: a) scramble Explanation: "scramble" means to rush or compete in a disorderly way.
Question 10. Public health officials continue to ______ for vaccine equity in low-income regions.
Answer: advocate Explanation: "advocate" means to publicly support or recommend.
attain /əˈteɪn/ (verb) – 달성하다, 이루다 ▸ South Korea is striving to attain leadership in semiconductor innovation amid global competition. ▸ 한국은 글로벌 경쟁 속에서 반도체 혁신 선도국이 되기 위해 노력하고 있다.
incentive /ɪnˈsentɪv/ (noun) – 장려책, 유인 ▸ The EU announced new incentives for companies adopting AI ethics guidelines. ▸ EU는 AI 윤리 지침을 채택하는 기업에 대한 새로운 인센티브를 발표했다.
allocate /ˈæləkeɪt/ (verb) – 할당하다, 배분하다 ▸ The government will allocate emergency funds to regions affected by the recent earthquake. ▸ 정부는 최근 지진 피해 지역에 긴급 자금을 배분할 예정이다.
coincide /ˌkoʊɪnˈsaɪd/ (verb) – 동시에 일어나다, 일치하다 ▸ The rise in global oil prices coincides with tensions in the Middle East. ▸ 중동의 긴장과 맞물려 국제 유가가 상승하고 있다.
hinder /ˈhɪndər/ (verb) – 방해하다, 저해하다 ▸ Supply chain disruptions continue to hinder the production of electric vehicles. ▸ 공급망 차질이 전기차 생산을 계속해서 방해하고 있다.
rigid /ˈrɪdʒɪd/ (adjective) – 엄격한, 융통성 없는 ▸ The rigid immigration policies are being reviewed to address labor shortages. ▸ 노동력 부족 문제를 해결하기 위해 엄격한 이민 정책이 재검토되고 있다.
designate /ˈdezɪɡneɪt/ (verb) – 지정하다, 지명하다 ▸ Seoul has been designated as the host city for the 2032 International Climate Summit. ▸ 서울은 2032 국제 기후 정상회의 개최 도시로 지정되었다.
offset /ˈɔːfset/ (verb) – 상쇄하다, 보완하다 ▸ Renewable energy growth helped offset the impact of fossil fuel shortages. ▸ 재생에너지의 성장이 화석 연료 부족의 영향을 상쇄하는 데 기여했다.
invoke /ɪnˈvoʊk/ (verb) – 적용하다, 언급하다 ▸ The Prime Minister invoked national security to justify stricter trade controls. ▸ 총리는 더 엄격한 무역 통제를 정당화하기 위해 국가 안보를 언급했다.
manifest /ˈmænɪfest/ (verb) – 나타내다, 분명히 드러내다 ▸ Public frustration over inflation manifested in protests across major cities. ▸ 물가 상승에 대한 대중의 불만이 주요 도시 곳곳에서 시위로 나타났다.
News
To attain economic stability, the government allocated additional resources to key industries and invoked emergency trade laws.
Structure Analysis:
Main clause: the government allocated… and invoked… (과거시제 병렬 구조)
Purpose clause: To attain economic stability (to부정사 목적 표현)
해석: 경제 안정을 달성하기 위해 정부는 주요 산업에 추가 자원을 배분하고 긴급 무역 법규를 발동했다.
IELTS Academic Style Quiz
Question 1. Choose the correct word to complete the sentence: Global tensions can ______ efforts to achieve international cooperation. a) invoke b) hinder c) designate d) manifest
Answer: b) hinder Explanation: "hinder" means to obstruct or delay progress.
Question 2. Which of the following best defines "rigid" as used in academic contexts? a) Flexible and adaptable b) Officially approved c) Strict and inflexible d) Broad and widespread
Answer: c) Strict and inflexible Explanation: "rigid" refers to something that does not easily change.
Question 3. Complete the sentence using the most appropriate word from the list: The disaster relief agency plans to ______ funds to affected communities.
Answer: allocate Explanation: "allocate" means to distribute or assign resources.
Question 4. Identify the correct synonym for "attain". a) lose b) achieve c) delay d) observe
Answer: b) achieve Explanation: "attain" means to successfully reach or accomplish something.
Question 5. Choose the correct word: The increase in renewable energy usage helped ______ the effects of fuel shortages.
Answer: offset Explanation: "offset" means to balance out or counteract something.
Question 6. Which sentence uses "coincide" correctly? a) The event coincide with the national holiday. b) Their plans will coincide perfectly. c) The meeting will coincide with his arrival. d) Coincide we completed the report.
Answer: c) The meeting will coincide with his arrival. Explanation: "coincide" means to happen at the same time.
Question 7. Fill in the blank: The President ______ constitutional authority to enact the emergency law.
Answer: invoked Explanation: "invoke" means to apply or appeal to a law or principle.
Question 8. Which word best completes the sentence? The recent economic crisis has ______ concerns over financial regulation.
Answer: manifested Explanation: "manifest" means to reveal or express something clearly.
Question 9. Which of the following is closest in meaning to "designate"? a) control b) appoint c) delay d) investigate
Answer: b) appoint Explanation: "designate" means to officially assign or name something.
Question 10. Which situation would most likely involve an incentive? a) A tax penalty for polluters b) A government bonus for green energy users c) A ban on non-renewable energy d) A protest against trade laws
Answer: b) A government bonus for green energy users Explanation: "incentive" refers to a benefit given to encourage behavior.
Many companies are now focusing on (1) ______ development to stay competitive in the market. They invest heavily in research to (2) ______ innovative products that meet the needs of modern consumers. However, without proper planning, these efforts might face serious (3) ______, delaying product launches and affecting profitability.
많은 기업들이 시장에서 경쟁력을 유지하기 위해 (1) 지속 가능한 개발에 집중하고 있다. 그들은 현대 소비자의 요구를 충족시키는 (2) 혁신적인 제품을 만들어내기 위해 연구에 막대한 투자를 한다. 그러나 적절한 계획이 없다면 이러한 노력은 심각한 (3) 장애물에 직면할 수 있으며, 제품 출시가 지연되고 수익성에 영향을 미칠 수 있다.
문제 2
The (1) ______ of renewable energy has been widely discussed as a solution to climate change. Governments are working together to set (2) ______ targets for reducing carbon emissions. Despite initial resistance, many industries are gradually (3) ______ to these new environmental standards.
재생 에너지의 (1) 도입은 기후 변화에 대한 해결책으로 널리 논의되어 왔다. 정부들은 탄소 배출을 줄이기 위한 (2) 야심 찬 목표를 설정하기 위해 협력하고 있다. 초기 저항에도 불구하고, 많은 산업계는 이러한 새로운 환경 기준에 점차 (3) 적응하고 있다.
문제 3
In the aftermath of the disaster, aid organizations provided immediate (1) ______ to affected communities. The (2) ______ of resources ensured that food, water, and medical supplies reached those in need. Volunteers also played a (3) ______ role in rebuilding efforts.
재난 이후, 구호 단체들은 피해 지역 사회에 즉각적인 (1) 지원을 제공했다. 자원의 (2) 분배는 음식, 물, 의료 물자가 필요한 사람들에게 도달하도록 보장했다. 자원봉사자들 또한 복구 작업에서 (3) 중요한 역할을 했다.
문제 4
Technological (1) ______ has transformed how people communicate and access information. With the rise of social media, individuals can now (2) ______ their opinions instantly with a global audience. However, this also raises concerns about the (3) ______ of information and privacy.
기술적 (1) 발전은 사람들이 소통하고 정보를 접근하는 방식을 변화시켰다. 소셜 미디어의 등장으로 개인들은 이제 전 세계 청중들과 즉시 자신의 의견을 (2) 전달할 수 있다. 그러나 이것은 정보의 (3) 정확성과 프라이버시 문제에 대한 우려도 불러일으킨다.
문제 5
Educational institutions must adapt their teaching methods to better (1) ______ students for future challenges. Critical thinking and problem-solving skills are increasingly (2) ______ in today's job market. Teachers are encouraged to (3) ______ interactive learning environments that engage students actively.
교육 기관은 학생들이 미래의 도전에 더 잘 (1) 대비할 수 있도록 교수법을 적응시켜야 한다. 비판적 사고와 문제 해결 능력은 오늘날 직업 시장에서 점점 더 (2) 중요하게 여겨지고 있다. 교사들은 학생들이 적극적으로 참여할 수 있는 (3) 학습 환경을 조성하도록 권장받고 있다.
